| Subj: | Nuclear War between India and Pakistan is knocking the door. |
| Date: | 5/22/02 11:20:19 AM Eastern Daylight Time |
| From: sarker@RRRRRRRRR To: news@gdr.org |
|
S.Asia nuclear war could kill 12 million-US report
By Deborah Zabarenko
WASHINGTON, May 31 (Reuters) - All-out nuclear war between India and Pakistan could kill as many as 12 million people and injure as many as 6 million, a Pentagon official said on Friday, citing a classified report.
Worries about a possible nuclear war in South Asia took center stage in Washington on Friday as the United States urged more than 60,000 U.S. citizens to leave India and Britain warned its nationals to consider getting out.
If the two neighbors disputing the territory of Kashmir unleashed all their nuclear weapons, the U.S. Defense Department report estimated it could cause between 9 million and 12 million deaths and between 2 million and 6 million injuries. That would make it the second most deadly war ever after World War Two.
"That's the worst-case scenario, if we have correctly guessed the number of weapons each side has, and their targets, and presuming they're all ground bursts versus air bursts," the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
A nuclear warhead that explodes on the ground instead of in the air would create more fallout, the official said. But he said an air burst would have a wider footprint and cause more damage and injuries.
"The fatalities if they were air bursts would be slightly smaller by maybe a million, but ... that's still a very significant number," the official said.
The U.S. official estimated Pakistan has "several dozen" nuclear warheads and India has "a couple dozen" but declined to be more specific.
"In conventional military power, India probably has a two-and-a-half to one advantage over Pakistan," the official said. "Pakistan developed nuclear weapons to counter India's conventional power."
Even in a "limited" war, with 10 bombs exploding in the major cities of each country, more than 3 million people could die in the immediate blasts and fire and from radiation, according to calculations announced last week by Princeton University nuclear researchers.
The United States has been leading international pressure to bring India and Pakistan from the brink of war. Washington, which used its nuclear arsenal as a mutual deterrent with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, signed this month a treaty with Russia to slash the number of deployed nuclear warheads.
The United States is the only country that has used such warfare, dropping two atom bombs on Japan and killing more than an estimated 100,000 people almost immediately with many more dying in the following years. That attack came toward the end of World War Two, in which historians believe more than 30 million people may have died.
CLASSIFIED U.S. REPORT
The classified Defense Department report was issued in May, the official said, noting the report must be continually updated to reflect changing conditions.
"(This report is) something that we've had on the shelf but it needs to be updated with weather patterns, which would affect distribution of fallout and number of casualties," the official said.
The official said the coming monsoon season in South Asia would have to be taken into account, but did not specify what effect the winds and rain would have on the U.S. estimate of nuclear war damage in the region.
Death and injury estimates may be unrealistically high, the official said, because they are based on the assumption that every nuclear weapon would perform as designed and hit its target.
Pakistan would probably deliver its nuclear weapons aboard F-16 aircraft or on ballistic missiles, the official said, while India would be likely to use MiG-27 aircraft or ballistic missiles.
If Pakistan used its F-16s, it would encounter India's integrated air defense, the official said, adding, "To say that every F-16 would get through -- I don't know of any war planner who would make that assumption."
Asked whether Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld would be taking the classified report with him when he travels to South Asia next week to try to defuse tensions, the official would say only, "He certainly has the information."
05/31/02 18:15 ET
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